完形八道争议题解析：

By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million __1__ of these nations loved __2__ to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence __3__ the ideals of representative government, careers __4__ to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the __5__ to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. __6__ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a __7__ set of laws.

3.[A] shared   forgot   [C] attained   [D] rejected

4.[A] related   close   [C] open   [D] devoted

7.[A] unique   common   [C] particular   [D] typical

3、我选shared, 其它答案选attained。
   attained the ideals 是有这样的搭配的，但文章并没有线索说明这些领导人已经达到（完成）了他们的理想，而是讲他们分享了或者说共同具有某些理想。另外，文章第二段讲到：On the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the church,  however,  there was less agreement among the leadership.（在关于宗教自由和教会的地位问题上，在领导层当中达成了较少的共识）这也暗示了答案。shared 和agreement 语义照应。

7、
  我选common, 其它答案选particular。A/B/C 几个答案都可以和a set of laws 搭配，但integrated整合,使...成整体，暗示了后面的答案。integrated by a common set of laws.（这些新国家被一系列共同的法律所整合为一个整体。）
  
    

On the issue of __8__ of religion and the position of the church, __9__, there was less agreement __10__ the leadership Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one __11__ by the Spanish crown. __12__ most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism __13__ the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the __14__ of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying __15__ for the conservative forces.

8.[A] freedom   origin   [C] impact   [D] reform

14.[A] spread   interference   [C] exclusion   [D] influence

15.[A] support   cry   [C] plea   [D] wish

8、
  我选 freedom，其它答案选 impact。关键还是要联系上下文。如果只看到position of the church 就可能会选择impact。但首先第一段提到了自由问题。而且第二段主要内容也主要是讲有的人想维持，有的人想结束罗马天主教的国教地位和唯一的呗西班牙皇室所认可的宗教的地位。所以明显应该选freedom。
    14、我选 exclusion，其它答案选influence。While 为暗示词，表明前后两个分句反义。既然大部分领导人想维持天主教的官方地位，那么另外一些人肯定是想结束对其它信仰的排斥。
15、我选 cry，其它答案选plea恳求。
   a rallying cry是一个外刊中常用的搭配，意思为战斗的口号。本句意思为：保卫教会成为了保守力量的战斗口号。
  

 By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s __17__ colonies. Early premise to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much __18__ because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies __19__

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阅读三道争议题解析：

Text 1

This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.

23. According to Ericsson, good memory

[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.

 results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.

[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.

[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.

我选A), 有的答案选D）。A整合了本段话的意思。D貌似答案，但错在a high degree 与原文信息concentrating as much on technique as on outcome不一致。

阅读30

Text 2

For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as. What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.

Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?

The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version).Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.

Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions. IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.

30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?

[A] Supportive.

 Skeptical.

[C] Impartial.

[D] Biased.

我选B)，有的答案选C）。
        第二段内容和最后一段从moreover开始的内容，提示答案为skeptical。

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Text 3

During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off on fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.

During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those it the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and share of it borne by families have risen—and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new does of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent—and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance—have jumped eightfold in just one generation.

From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.

35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?

[A] The Middle Class on the Alert

The Middle Class on the Cliff

[C] The Middle Class in Conflict

[D]The Middle Class in Ruins

我选B), 有的答案选A)。
  本文主要讲述美国中产阶级陷入了困境，并没有说他们保持警惕。On the cliff在这里是比喻。另外，原文标题为The Middle Class on the Precipice。Precipice 为超纲词，命题者将之替换为cliff。原文地址：http://www.harvardmagazine.com/on-line/010682.html
The Middle Class on the Precipice
Rising financial risks for American families
 

支持！

资料汇总/p>

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word版试题见:http://bbs.diandian.net/dispbbs.asp?boardID=3&ID=85773&page=1

丁老师

请教一个有关大作文的问题，

我写的题目是自信

第一段描述图画并阐述寓意

第二段举例论证

第三段如何解决不自信问题

但是我没分析问题的原因，语言基本没错，这样还能得高分吗

严重同意

一直坚决支持!

看了丁SIR的分析,更加支持!