点点英语论坛请教大家Economist上几篇文章中某些句子的结构

165662356 - 2008-5-17 19:50:00

<1>地址：http://www.ecocn.org/space/?action-viewthread-tid-4641
文章：Free to choose, and learn [2007.05.03]
第六段：
The voucher pupils did better even though the state spent less than it would have done had the children been educated in normal state schools. American voucher schemes typically offer private schools around half of what the state would spend if the pupils stayed in public schools. The Colombian programme did not even set out to offer better schooling than was available in the state sector; the aim was simply to raise enrolment rates as quickly and cheaply as possible。

红体字的语法结构？

<2>地址：http://www.ecosky.cn/post/303.html
文章：A stimulating notion [2008.02.16]
第2段：
But now, after more than three decades in the wilderness, Keynesian-style fiscal policy seems to be staging a comeback. On February 13th George Bush signed into law individual tax rebates and temporary investment incentives worth $152 billion (just over 1% of GDP) this year, and $168 billion in total. Passed in record time by the normally sluggish Congress—and before recession is even a certainty—the stimulus is aimed at cushioning America's downturn by getting cash into consumers' pockets and encouraging firms to invest.
红体字英语文摘中翻译的是：其实经济衰退与否尚无定论。请教大家？

averill25 - 2008-5-17 20:24:00

1. The voucher pupils did better even though the state spent less than it would have done had the children been educated in normal state schools.
-->
The voucher pupils did better even though the state spent less than it would have done had the children been educated in normal state schools.
主干就是去掉划线的部分。

The voucher pupils did better
加上had the children been educated in normal state schools.
变成The voucher pupils did better had the children been educated in normal state schools.
即：The voucher pupils did better if the children had been educated in normal state schools.【这是语法　虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。很常见！】

2. and before recession is even a certainty 是”在经济衰退还不是一件确定的事之前“，即”还不十分确定是不是经济衰退“.

165662356 - 2008-5-18 11:58:00

1：真是第一个问题又犯迷糊了，95年的那帖子里也是这样的结构。。http://bbs.diandian.net/showtopic-113385.aspx
下来好好看虚拟语句了。
2：我当时翻译的是：在经济衰退是肯定之前。
这和文摘中说的‘还不十分确定是不是经济衰退’可以说是一个意思，但当时；理解起来好别扭。。楼上同学的“在经济衰退还不是一件确定的事之前”，“还不是”怎么翻出来的呀？

averill25 - 2008-5-18 14:46:00

1记住这个语法就可以了，虚拟语气不太重要，而且有点复杂。

2我那个不是准确的翻译。
even 有still之意，

[oxford]even: (used to emphasize sth unexpected or surprising in what one is saying, or to invite a comparison with what might have happened, etc 用以加强出乎意料的语气或进而比较可能发生的事) 甚至; 连; 都; 即使:

南京小G - 2008-5-18 18:15:00

个人见解
1. The voucher pupils did better even though the state spent less than it would have done had the children been educated in normal state schools.
-->
The voucher pupils did better even though the state spent less than it would have done had the children been educated in normal state schools.
主干就是去掉划线的部分。

The voucher pupils did better
加上had the children been educated in normal state schools.
变成The voucher pupils did better had the children been educated in normal state schools.
即：The voucher pupils did better if the children had been educated in normal state schools.【这是语法　虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。很常见！】

这位高手说的虚拟语气很赞同很详细
不过我也说点我的拙见：红色句这样放，我有不同意见
The voucher pupils did better even though the state spent less than it would have done had the children been educated in normal state school 拿到助金券的学生干的更好尽管国家投入的比如果那些学生在普通学校上学所需要投入的要少
it would have done had the children been educated in normal state school
it would have done...if the children had been educated虚拟语气当if句用had done时主句用would have done
请各位指正

averill25 - 2008-5-18 18:38:00

引用:

The voucher pupils did better even though the state spent less than it would have done had the children been educated in normal state school 拿到助金券的学生干的更好尽管国家投入的比如果那些学生在普通学校上学所需要投入的要少
it would have done had the children been educated in normal state school
it would have done...if the children had been educated虚拟语气当if句用had done时主句用would have done
请各位指正.

The voucher pupils did better even though the state spent less than it would have done had the children been educated in normal state school.

even though the state spent less than it would have done 这句话是个完整的吧。it 指代the state.（it would have done是虚拟）
把
it would have done 与后面的had the children 。。。连在一起是讲不通的。

The voucher pupils did better had the children been educated in normal state school。这句话是虚拟语气。

而it would have done had the children been educated in normal state school.这样通吗？ would have done (what?)

南京小G - 2008-5-19 10:06:00

表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为：
从句：If + 主语+ had +过去完成式动词+ ……
主句：主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +过去完成式动词+……
可是如果主句是did better if the children had been...那前面怎么能用did呢
如果与前面连着的话并表示虚拟,意思就是:如果他们现在在普通学校中读书,他们就会表现更好(事实上他们没在普通学校中读书,所以现在的表现并不好)

averill25 - 2008-5-19 10:33:00

关于虚拟条件句主句和从句的用词可能比你列的要复杂些，有些时候是不会符合简单罗列的一些规则的，很久没有翻过这个了。

关与第一句的理解，我重新看了一下，是我理解错了，:洋葱头3: ，你是对的。

165662356 - 2008-5-19 12:27:00

谢谢楼上各位的分享，很受启发：）

南京小G - 2008-5-19 14:23:00

呵呵,希望您多来提点小弟...谢谢

tk1310620 - 2008-5-19 16:22:00

引用:

原帖由 averill25 于 2008-5-17 20:24:00 发表
1. The voucher pupils did better even though the state spent less than it would have done had the children been educated in normal state schools.
-->
The voucher pupils did better even though

那么请问下省略的语法结构除了避免重复和如上1句这样倒装虚拟句运用省略外是否还有其他情况需要省略。如有，请问是什么语法结构？？？